A team of Turkish and Mongolian archaeologists is set to embark on an excavation of an ancient Mongol summer palace and settlement located in the Çaldıran district of Van, Türkiye. This significant historical site, believed to date back to the 13th century, has drawn attention from both nations, particularly following a visit by Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh, who personally inspected the ruins.

Preparations for Excavation Underway

The initiative is led by researchers from İzmir Katip Çelebi University in Türkiye and the Turkology Research Institute at the Mongolian State University of Education. Following extensive surface surveys, the team is now ready to launch full-scale excavations in June. Their primary goal is to uncover new details about the palace’s history, architecture, and the daily lives of those who once inhabited it.

A Glimpse into the Ilkhanate Era

The palace, constructed between 1260 and 1265, was commissioned during the rule of Hulegu Khan, the founder of the Ilkhanate—a Mongol state that governed much of Persia and surrounding territories. Researchers anticipate that the excavation will provide valuable insights into the Ilkhanate’s governance, architectural style, and cultural influence in the region.

The Historical Significance of the Ilkhanate

Hulegu Khan played a pivotal role in shaping the region’s history. Under his command, the Mongol forces stormed Baghdad in 1258, ending the Abbasid Caliphate and bringing an abrupt halt to the Islamic Golden Age. This event shifted the center of Islamic power to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo. The Ilkhanate continued to exert influence over trade, politics, and culture in the region until the 1330s, when the devastating Black Death severely weakened its power. The khanate eventually disintegrated in 1335 following the death of its last ruler, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan.

Anticipated Discoveries and Future Research

With excavation efforts set to begin, archaeologists are eager to uncover new details that could enhance our understanding of Mongol rule in Anatolia. The findings may offer fresh perspectives on the Ilkhanate’s impact on architecture, administration, and daily life. This research is expected to strengthen cultural and historical ties between Türkiye and Mongolia while contributing to broader studies of Mongol history.