On the eve of his father's death, the Yongzheng Emperor, Hongli, was declared the heir apparent on October 7, 1735. (reigned 1722-35). In fact, despite the fact that Hongli was the fourth-born son of the Kangxi emperor (reigned 1661-1722), Hongli had been secretly designated as Yongzheng's successor shortly after the latter had ascended from the throne (he was, however, the eldest surviving son when he was actually named heir). Kangxi had noticed his grandson's exceptional qualities and resolved to do everything he could to prepare him for his upcoming task. Hongli received a well-planned education that included the teachings of the eminent scholar Fumin. He was then initiated into state affairs and made a prince of the first degree in 1733. He ascended the throne at 24 on October 18, 1735 (25 according to the Chinese system), and ruled for more than 60 years under the regnal title of Qianlong.