Could the Ancient Greeks Sail a Trireme to Egypt Without Stopping?

Published May 13, 2025 – 18:27

No shade, no deck shelter, just oars. Could an ancient Greek trireme make the journey all the way to Egypt without a single stop?

If you asked a 5th-century BCE Athenian whether he could sail a trireme nonstop to Egypt, he would probably look at you with puzzled disbelief. Yet this seemingly outrageous question has a solid historical foundation. The trireme—the premier warship of antiquity—had no accommodations, no roof, no kitchen. And yet, it traveled with a speed and discipline that still impress today.

The distance from Crete to the Egyptian coast is roughly 350 nautical miles. In good weather, with a crew of 170 men alternating at the oars, this journey could be completed in two to three days. Not comfortably. Not without exhaustion. But possible. And there is evidence that in exceptionally critical missions, the ancient Greeks attempted—and succeeded at—such feats.

Thucydides recounts a famous mission to besieged Mytilene, where an Athenian trireme managed to sail from Athens to Lesbos in less than a day and night, thanks to continuous rowing, crew rotations, and eating onboard. So, the technical capability for nonstop sailing existed—provided there was a strong military or political reason. In the case of Egypt, such reasons certainly existed.

Relations between Greece and Egypt were intense and multifaceted. From the Mycenaean era through to the Ptolemies, Greeks traveled, traded, fought, and settled in Egypt. Mercenaries, doctors, merchants, and envoys crossed the Mediterranean regularly. The “fast route” via Crete and Cyrenaica, allowing sustained sailing, was a strategic choice during times of crisis or urgent need.

However, the trireme was not designed for such endurance challenges. It had no cabins, no shade. The rowers slept on deck or in ports. Water and food supplies were limited to a few days. Continuous sailing was a superhuman effort. Yet, for the ancient Greeks, purpose often transcended human limits.

No ancient text explicitly states that a trireme made the journey to Egypt without stopping. But all evidence suggests it was possible—and perhaps it was done. Not routinely. Not easily. But with determination, the sea, and the oar.

Significant Discovery: Wreck of a Merchant Ship Found 168 Years After Its Deadly Sinking

Real.gr | 07:54, May 13, 2025

Archaeologists in Australia have announced the discovery of the remains of the Koning Willem de Tweede, a Dutch merchant ship weighing 800 tons that sank in 1857 near the town of Robe, South Australia. The tragic sinking claimed the lives of 16 out of the 25 crew members on board.

This find has been hailed as a “significant discovery” by the Australian National Maritime Museum and the Silentworld Foundation, who have jointly led the research over the past four years.

A Link to the Past of Trade and Migration

In a related post, the museum emphasized the importance of the find, noting that shortly before its sinking, the ship had transported over 400 Chinese miners. This fact highlights the vessel’s role as “a connection to stories of trade and migration.”

Precise Detection with Advanced Technology

James Hunter, acting head of the museum’s maritime archaeology department, told Australia’s ABC channel that the team identified critical parts of the shipwreck, including the windlass—a mechanism used for raising anchors—that protrudes from the seabed.

“We examined evidence such as the ship’s draft and the depth at which it was found, and everything matches perfectly,” Hunter said, confirming the team’s confidence that this is indeed the final resting place of the Koning Willem de Tweede.

Researchers also detected a magnetic anomaly on the seafloor approximately 42 meters long—matching the ship’s length.

International Collaboration Amid Challenging Conditions

The investigation was a collaborative effort involving the museum, the Silentworld Foundation, South Australia’s Environment and Water Department, Flinders University, the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency, and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Australian National Maritime Museum

According to a Silentworld statement, despite visibility challenges underwater, the latest survey led to the probable identification of the wreck after efforts began in 2022.

“When weather conditions allowed, we conducted seabed surveys and mapping. The last mission, despite murky visibility, enabled us to make this impressive identification,” the team noted.

Statements: “Culmination of Years of Research” and Underwater Challenges

In a Facebook announcement, the Australian National Maritime Museum stated:

“This important discovery, supported by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency, marks the culmination of a dedicated research effort that began in 2022. Future visits are planned to further assess the site and uncover more details of this significant chapter in maritime history.”

The Silentworld Foundation added:

“When weather permitted, we carried out searches for the wreck. The latest mission at Robe, in partnership with the above team, led to its likely identification. Visibility was limited but sufficient for the team to make this remarkable finding!”

A Ship Buried in Sand

Hunter explained that the ship may have run aground on the seabed and then been covered by sand, making it difficult to locate.

“The ship likely ran aground and was subsequently buried by sand,” he said. “Sand stirs up very easily and floats in the water, almost like an underwater snowstorm,” he added.

Australian National Maritime Museum

The team had suspicions about the wreck’s location three years ago, but sand-related visibility issues prevented confirmation.

“It takes almost nothing to stir up the sand on the seabed—it floats in the water like an underwater snowstorm,” Hunter emphasized.

The museum plans to return to the site for further study and documentation of the wreck, which adds another vital piece to the global maritime history puzzle.

Against the Barbarians: The Fiercest Enemies of the Greeks

Updated May 12, 2025 — 23:10 | sportime.gr

From the dawn of their history, the Greeks faced formidable enemies they called “barbarians”—not merely as an insult, but to describe foreign peoples speaking unintelligible (bar-bar) languages and often threatening the survival of the Greek world. Among the most significant were the Persians, who launched massive campaigns under Darius and Xerxes aiming to conquer Greece. Their defeat at Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea marked a turning point crucial to preserving Greek civilization.

In the 3rd century BCE, the Celts (or Gauls) invaded Greece, reaching as far as Delphi and spreading terror before being repelled. To the north and east, Greeks confronted fierce and unpredictable peoples such as the Scythians, Thracians, and Illyrians, who frequently threatened Greek colonies and borders. In later centuries, especially during the Roman and Byzantine periods, new threats emerged: the Goths (Visigoths and Ostrogoths) ravaged Greek cities and undermined Western power, while the Huns, led by Attila, challenged the East.

Later still, the Avars, Slavs, and Bulgarians launched repeated raids across the Balkans, even besieging Constantinople itself. The arrival of Islam brought further conflicts with the Arabs, who attempted twice to capture the imperial capital. Finally, the Turks—first Seljuks and later Ottomans—became the ultimate threat to Hellenism, culminating in the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

Every clash with these “barbarians” was not merely military but deeply cultural. The Greeks resisted, adapted, and survived, preserving their language, faith, and identity through centuries of turmoil. Their enemies were fierce—but Greek resilience was even greater.

For those who think the enemies of the Greeks were civilized, consider the Gauls’ invasion of Greece in 279 BCE. They terrified not only with their military might but also their barbarity. According to Pausanias and other sources, they decapitated enemies and kept their heads as trophies. Some even reportedly wore human skins or those of enemy warriors as symbols of victory or ritual.

The Thracians, despite contact with Greek culture, were seen as savage and bloodthirsty. Certain tribes were accused by Greek writers of participating in rituals involving the consumption of human blood or flesh. The Scythians, nomads of the steppe, are described by Herodotus as making drinking cups from enemy skulls and sometimes wearing the skins of fallen warriors as clothing or to adorn their horses.

Herodotus, Strabo, and other geographers spoke of tribes beyond the known world—in the far East or North—that practiced cannibalism, like the Androphagi (literally “man-eaters”). These peoples reportedly had no cities or laws, living in forests and hunting humans like animals.