Archaeologists from the Czech Institute of Egyptology (CIE) have uncovered a remarkable tomb at the Abusir archaeological site, situated between Giza and Saqqara in Egypt. This tomb, believed to be from the 1st millennium BC, is adorned with intricate magic spells designed to protect the tomb's occupant from snake bites.
The discovery, made during excavations in April and May, sheds light on the fascinating burial practices of ancient Egyptians and their efforts to safeguard against the constant threat of venomous snakes. The tomb is located in a western section of Abusir, historically used as a cemetery for high-ranking officials and military commanders during Egypt's 26th and 27th dynasties.
Ladislav Bareš, who has been coordinating the research of Abusir shaft tombs, describes the tomb as a medium-sized shaft tomb belonging to Džehutiemhat, a royal scribe who held a prestigious position. Analysis of the skeletal remains suggests that Djehutyemhat passed away at around 25 years of age, possibly due to an "occupational disease" linked to sedentary work, displaying signs of acute osteoporosis.
The tomb itself is adorned with a rich array of inscriptions, artwork, and texts. Notably, the northern wall features a series of spells specifically crafted to protect against snake bites. During this period, venomous snakes posed a constant threat, and these spells were considered essential for ensuring the safety of the deceased. Interestingly, the spells also depict snakes as powerful guardians of the deceased and their mummy.
Renata Landgrafova, the director of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, highlighted the southern and western walls of the tomb, which are painted with depictions of sacrificial rituals and a long list of victims. The burial chamber, hidden almost 50 meters below ground level, features ritual offerings and intricate depictions of the sun's journey across the sky, accompanied by hymns to the celestial body.
At the center of the burial chamber lies a large stone sarcophagus adorned with hieroglyphic inscriptions and depictions of gods. The sarcophagus lid is decorated with three columns of hieroglyphic text from the 178th chapter of the Book of the Dead, aimed at guiding and protecting the deceased in the afterlife. Images of goddesses Isis and Nephthys, along with accompanying texts, provide additional protection to the deceased, with the presence of Imentet, the goddess of the West, adding a symbolic layer of meaning to the tomb.
The magical texts and inscriptions within the tomb served a profound purpose, ensuring a secure journey into the afterlife for Djehutyemhat. This discovery not only offers insights into the individual and their role during this period but also unveils the captivating beliefs and rituals of ancient Egyptians from the 6th to 5th centuries B.C.
In unraveling the mysteries of this ancient tomb, archaeologists continue to piece together the rich tapestry of Egypt's history and the cultural practices that shaped the lives and afterlives of its people.
