The dedicated experts at the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum in Xi'an, China, are undertaking a meticulous mission to restore the world-famous Terracotta Warriors, likening their work to operating a 'hospital' for these ancient relics. Lan Desheng, a restoration specialist at the museum, leads this critical conservation effort.
It has been established through archaeological studies that the Terracotta Warriors were once adorned with colorful pigments. However, these layers are incredibly delicate, and exposure to varying humidity and temperature levels upon excavation leads to rapid dehydration and flaking of the painted surface. Compounding this issue are the deteriorating effects of microorganisms and soluble salts that contribute to the fading of colors.
To combat these challenges, Lan's team employs a suite of sophisticated techniques. Each warrior undergoes a thorough diagnostic process that includes X-ray detection, ultrasonic scanning, and 3D imaging. Restorers then use an array of tools, such as bamboo slips, scalpels, and small brushes, to delicately clean and repair the painted fragments.
Further personalizing their approach, every terracotta figure is assigned its own identification number, ensuring detailed tracking and tailored restoration work. Over recent years, this careful process has led to the successful restoration of over 140 warriors.
The Terracotta Army, unearthed in 1974 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, stands as a monumental creation by Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C.–207 B.C.), symbolizing the artistry and might of ancient China. The ongoing conservation work not only preserves this historical treasure but also provides insights into the scientific and cultural practices of restoration, safeguarding the legacy for future generations to study and admire.
