Who was the mysterious hero of the Battle of Marathon who exterminated the Persians en masse with an unknown weapon that looked like a plow handle?
In the annals of ancient history, the Battle of Marathon stands as a pivotal moment where valor and tenacity intertwined with myth and legend. At the forefront of this epic struggle between the Athenians and the Persian forces of the Achaemenid Empire emerges a hero whose tale is both intriguing and enigmatic: Echetlus.
Echetlus, also known as Echetlaeus in some accounts, became a mythical figure associated with the Battle of Marathon, taking his place alongside legendary heroes like Theseus, Callimachus, and Miltiades. His story is shrouded in mystery, blending elements of agriculture, divine intervention, and martial prowess into a compelling narrative that has captivated the imaginations of historians and scholars for centuries.
Echetlus, whose very name means "he of the plough-handle," was depicted as a rustic figure wielding a plough on the battlefield. It is in this seemingly incongruous image that the legend of Echetlus finds its roots. The hero's description bears a striking resemblance to another agricultural figure in Greek mythology, Bouzyges, often depicted as bearded, nude, and holding both a plough and a cattle prod. The connection between these two figures and their association with agriculture suggests a deeper symbolic meaning—the enduring link between the land and the people who defended it.
During the Battle of Marathon, a pivotal moment occurred when Echetlus, resembling a humble farmer, emerged among the Athenians. With his plough as an improvised weapon, he fought valiantly against the Persian invaders, slaying many of them. His actions on that fateful day left an indelible mark on the course of history.
Yet, as quickly as he had appeared, Echetlus vanished into obscurity after the battle. The Athenians, determined to honor this mysterious hero, embarked on a search for him, but their efforts were in vain. Seeking guidance from the oracle, they received a directive that would etch Echetlus into their collective memory. They were commanded to worship him, recognizing his divine role in the conflict.
Echetlus, it was believed, was a manifestation of divine intervention, much like the appearances of Athena and Herakles on the battlefield. His inclusion in the famous painting of the Battle of Marathon in the Stoa Poikile (Painted Porch) further solidifies his mythical status. This painting, erected during the 5th century BC in the Ancient Agora of Athens, depicted Echetlus alongside other renowned heroes, reinforcing his significance in the eyes of the Athenians.
Echetlus fighting with the plow on an Etruscan funerary urn. Sailko - Own work
The Stoa Poikile was renowned in ancient Athens for showcasing war-related paintings and trophies, making it a fitting setting for Echetlus' enduring image. Among the combatants depicted in the painting, Echetlus stood out as a symbol of the resilience and courage of the Athenians during their decisive victory at Marathon.
In conclusion, the legend of Echetlus, the hero of the ploughshare, is a testament to the intricate tapestry of Greek mythology and history. His enigmatic presence on the battlefield, his association with agriculture, and his divine status all contribute to a captivating narrative that continues to inspire curiosity and fascination. Echetlus, though lost to the annals of time, remains an enduring symbol of heroism and divine intervention in the pages of ancient Greek history.
