Despite being nearly 2,000 years old, the Roman Baths in England remain one of the most well-preserved ancient bath complexes in Europe. These historical marvels showcase the ingenuity of Roman engineering and architecture, forming the heart of the city of Bath—a place named after these very baths. With its rich heritage, luxurious ambiance, and timeless appeal, Bath continues to attract visitors eager to explore this extraordinary site.
Getting to Bath: A Journey Worth Taking
Reaching Bath is simple, whether you’re coming from London, nearby cities, or farther destinations.
The fastest route from London is by train, taking approximately 90 minutes.
Driving from London along the M4 motorway takes about two and a half to three hours, depending on traffic.
If traveling from Liverpool, expect a scenic four-hour drive, with a possible stop in Birmingham for a refreshing break.
Those coming from Cardiff can reach Bath in about 90 minutes by car or via a convenient train service.
If you’re based in Bristol, you’re in luck—the journey to Bath takes just 50 minutes by car or as little as 10 minutes by train.
While the baths remain filled with water, visitors cannot bathe in them due to water safety concerns. Instead, the nearby Thermae Bath Spa offers a modern alternative, utilizing the same thermal waters after treatment.
A City of Healing Waters: Bath’s Spa Legacy
The Roman Baths were constructed around 70 AD, with a sophisticated design that allowed 1.17 million liters of mineral-rich spring water to flow daily. Romans placed great importance on precision, constructing the baths on oak piles and organizing the complex into distinct sections for hot and cold baths.
Despite their grandeur, historical records indicate that not all visitors were pleased with their experiences. Archaeologists have unearthed over 130 curse tablets, revealing complaints from bathers about stolen belongings—showing that even in ancient times, petty crime was a concern.
After the Romans departed in the 5th century, the site fell into disrepair. However, by the 12th century, the allure of the natural hot springs saw a resurgence, with Queen Anne of Denmark among those who indulged in the healing waters during the early 1600s. Her visit led to the construction of the New Bath, marked with a column bearing the inscription "Anna Regnum Sacrum."
In the 18th century, architects John Wood the Elder and John Wood the Younger revitalized the city's Roman heritage, adding Neoclassical elegance to Bath’s structures. Their efforts contributed to Bath's UNESCO World Heritage Site designation in 1987—nearly 1,900 years after the thermae was originally built.
Exploring the Roman Baths: Must-See Highlights
The Sacred Spring and the Great Bath
Visitors first glimpse the Roman Baths from the grand terrace, where Victorian-era statues of Roman leaders stand watch over the Great Bath. Situated below modern street level, the complex includes the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple, the Bath House, and an on-site museum.
The Sacred Spring, located within the Temple of Sulis Minerva’s courtyard, has been revered for centuries. Archaeological evidence suggests that its religious significance predates the Roman occupation. Nearby, the King’s Bath—also known as the Great Bath—was constructed in the 12th century using the foundations of the original Roman structure. This impressive chamber once featured alcoves for bathers and stone steps leading into its steaming, mineral-rich waters. A notable feature is the diving stone, where hot water feeds into the pool.
The Roman Temple: A Spiritual Center
Dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva, the Roman Temple was the spiritual hub of ancient Bath. Though now in ruins, it once featured towering Corinthian columns, a grand staircase, and an altar for religious ceremonies. Built in the late 1st century, it stood as a testament to Roman architectural mastery until it fell into disrepair with the spread of Christianity. Many fragments of the temple’s pediment were later repurposed as paving stones for the courtyard.
Ancient Relics and Roman Treasures
In the western part of the complex, visitors can explore cold plunge pools and heated rooms, complete with short films depicting how Romans once used these spaces. The museum houses an extensive collection of artifacts, including over 12,000 Roman coins—the largest such collection found in Britain. The most striking exhibit is the bronze head of Sulis Minerva, discovered in 1727. It is the only surviving fragment of the original full statue, serving as a powerful symbol of Bath’s ancient past.
A Taste of History and Beyond
Before concluding your visit, don’t miss the opportunity to sample the spa water, rich in 43 minerals, for a truly immersive historical experience. And for those with an eye for romance and period drama, be sure to explore the picturesque Royal Crescent, a filming location for the hit series Bridgerton.
With its rich history, architectural splendor, and natural hot springs, Bath remains one of the most fascinating destinations in Europe, offering visitors a chance to step back in time and experience the grandeur of ancient Roman culture firsthand.
