Nestled in the northeastern Peloponnese, within the Argolis region, Mycenae is part of the municipality of Argos-Mykines. In the 2nd millennium BCE, Mycenae was a central hub of Greek civilization and a formidable military fortress.
The era from 1600 BCE to roughly 1100 BCE is termed the "Mycenaean" period, highlighting its significance.
The archaeological site of Mycenae once boasted one of the ancient world's most important cities, the heart of Mycenaean culture—the Acropolis of Mycenae. This Acropolis was strategically built atop a hill and fortified with massive walls, so immense that they were believed to have been constructed by the mythical Cyclopes. These impressive fortifications are known as Cyclopean walls. The famous Lion Gate, adorned with two stone lions, served as a grand entrance.
Among the notable figures associated with Mycenae are Agamemnon, a key hero in Greek mythology and the king of Mycenae and Argos. He famously led the Achaean forces in the Trojan War, besieging Troy for a decade.
There are several fascinating details about the kingdom of Agamemnon, particularly within the Acropolis of Mycenae. The palace, where the king and his family lived, featured prominently. On the ground floor of this palace was the Megaron, a hall that housed the king's throne. Adjacent to this central hall were the royal family’s living quarters and baths. The palace walls were richly decorated with frescoes depicting scenes of warfare and hunting. Inside the Acropolis, there were also storerooms, workshops, treasuries, residences for guards and officials, as well as artisans. Additionally, underground water cisterns and a temple dedicated to the gods were integral parts of the complex.
Lastly, the city of Mycenae was constructed around the Acropolis. In times of threat, the residents would seek refuge within the Acropolis' formidable defenses for protection.
